การเย็บเล่มแบบ..."เย็บมุงหลังคา"...มันเป็นอย่างไร ไปดูกันค่ะ ^^
1.) การเข้าเล่มแบบเย็บอกหรือเย็บมุงหลังคา
เป็นวิธีการเข้าเล่มโดยการนำแผ่นกระดาษมาเรียงกันไม่เกิน 80 แผ่น แล้วพับครึ่งตามแนวตั้ง จากนั้นใช้ลวดเย็บกระดาษเย็บตรงแนวพับ 2-3 ตัว และไม่สามารถทำให้สันมีความหนาได้
... ข้อดี : รวดเร็ว ต้นทุนต่ำ และกางหนังสือออกได้มาก เหมาะสำหรับทำสมุดที่ต้องการเขียนได้ทั่วหน้ากระดาษ
... ข้อเสีย : คือรูปลักษณ์ออกมาจะไม่ค่อยสวย กระดาษแผ่นกลางมีโอกาสยื่น เลยกระดาษแผ่นอื่นออกมา Staple ที่พับไม่ดีอาจเป็นอันตรายเวลาเขียนได้
... ตัวอย่าง : สมุดจดบันทึกของนักเรียน สมุดโน้ตย่อทั่วไป เป็นต้น
2.) การเข้าเล่มแบบเย็บกี่
เป็นวิธีการเข้าเล่มโดยเอากระดาษทั้งหมดมาแยกออกเป็นส่วนย่อย จากนั้นเย็บแยกแต่ละส่วนเป็นเล่มเหมือนเย็บมุงหลังคา แต่เปลี่ยนจากลวดเป็นเส้นด้ายเย็บเข้าไปแทน จากนั้นเอาเล่มย่อย ๆ มาร้อยรวมกันเป็นเล่มใหญ่แล้วเย็บหุ้มด้วยปกแข็ง
... ข้อดี : ทน กางออกได้มากที่สุด เหมาะกับหนังสือที่มีจำนวนหน้ามาก เช่น พจนานุกรม
... ข้อเสีย : ต้นทุนสูง เนื่งจากวิธีการค่อนข้างยุ่งยาก ซับซ้อนพอสมควร
... ตัวอย่าง : พจนานุกรม สารานุกรม หรือนวนิยาย เป็นต้น
3.) การเข้าเล่มแบบเย็บแม็กติดเทปกาว
เป็นวิธีการเข้าเล่มโดยเย็บแม็กซ์ด้านขอบซ้ายมือของเล่ม (กรณีหันหน้าเข้าหาเล่ม) และเย็บแม็กซ์ให้ห่างจากขอบประมาณ 0.8 – 1 ซม. ซึ่งส่วนใหญ่จะเย็บประมาณ 3 ตัว คือ บน กลาง ล่าง หลังจากนั้นก็ทำการติดเทปกาวทับรอบเย็บแม็กซ์ เพื่อความเรียบร้อยและสวยงาม
... ตัวอย่าง : รูปเล่มรายงาน เป็นต้น
** โดยทาง IDEOL-Print.com ได้จัดเตรียมข้อมูลสินค้าและความรู้เกี่ยวกับงานพิมพ์ไว้ให้อีกมากมาย สามารถมาอ่านต่อกันได้ที่
http://ideol-print.com/ นะคร้า ^^
LINE ID : @ideolprint
</a> A woman in the car with Brown provided her driver's license, according to a police report that says Brown did not provide his until his lawyer had an investigator deliver an expired insurance card to the other driver several days later.
</a> The announcement follows last week's news that the phone will be available for purchase from Verizon, AT&T and T-Mobile this week. Verizon will begin selling the G2 online and in retail stores starting tomorrow, Sept. 12.
</a> Although Merkel, who visited Dachau as a minister in 1992, is the first federal chancellor to visit Dachau, a German head of state - then president Horst Koehler - attended the 65th anniversary of its liberation three years ago.
</a> Thatâs right. Two million people thrown out of our country in less than five years. Thatâs more than under any other President. And the staggering number includes tens of thousands of undocumented parents separated from their U.S.-born children.
</a> The audit also revealed that some of the issues aroundtagging, which monitors whether offenders are adhering tocurfews and are a cheaper alternative to prison, were firstdiscovered by the MoJ in 2008 but were not addressed.
</a> "I haven't sensed an iota of remorse or regret or anxiety over the situation that he's in," said Greenwald, who has lived in Brazil for the past eight years. "He's of course tense and focused on his security and his short-term well-being to the best extent that he can, but he's very resigned to the fact that things might go terribly wrong and he's at peace with that."
</a> The nonprofit Kaiser Family Foundation, which studies health care issues, offers a calculator on its website that helps consumers figure out what sort of subsidy they might receive. You can find it at http://bit.ly/13YLrxq .
</a> Monteith, who was born in Calgary, Alberta, and raised in Victoria, British Columbia, was found dead at about noon Saturday in his room at the Fairmont Pacific Rim in Vancouver, a luxury waterfront hotel.
</a> The 12 data-dependent specialties are cancer; cardiology & heart surgery; diabetes & endocrinology; ear, nose & throat; gastroenterology & GI (gastrointestinal) surgery; geriatrics; gynecology; nephrology; neurology & neurosurgery; orthopedics; pulmonology, and urology.
</a> It's wrong to call a person "it." They are human beings. They are not inanimate objects. Calling a person "it" is a despicable attempt to dehumanize them and is wrong. People who are transgender have a legitimate medical condition.
</a> The report in Le Monde, co-written by Glenn Greenwald, who originally revealed the surveillance program based on leaks from former NSA systems analyst Edward Snowden, found that when certain phone numbers were used, conversations were recorded automatically. The surveillance operation also gathered text messages based on key words, Le Monde reported.
</a> Pierre Sprey, who began working in the Pentagon in the 1960s as one of Robert McNamaraâs âwhiz kidsâ and spent decades helping design and test two of the airplanes the F-35 is supposed to replace (the A-10 and F-16), contends that, even if designers can deal with latency and jitter, the resolution of the video is âfatally inferiorâ compared with the human eye when it comes to confronting enemy aircraft. âRight from the start, they should have known there would be a huge computation problem and a huge resolution problem,â says Sprey. âWhy do drones shoot up wedding parties in Afghanistan? Because the resolution is so poor. That was knowable before the helmet was built.â The helmet-mounted display, says Sprey, is âa total fuckup from start to finish.â
</a> Expectations are growing that the U.S. central bank willdecide next week to begin reining in its monetary stimulus,although last Friday's disappointing U.S. jobs data hasconvinced many economists that any reduction might be smallerthan some had believed.
</a> In part for this reason, tech investors have become excited about early-phase funding—the venture investments that help a nascent company get off the ground. Big bubbles happen in the late-phase market, when sizable companies suck up larger investments and try to go public with high, often overcharged, growth momentum. Very early (or “seed”) investments are less exposed to these risks. In the mid-nineteen-eighties, venture investment was about equally divided among the seed, early, and expansion phases. When the dot-com bubble burst, in 2000, seed-phase investment was, in relative terms, the lowest it had been in decades. That has started to reverse, as early-phase investment grows cheaper and more attractive, and a new eagerness shows in a flurry of early-phase deals. Last year, about half of all venture deals were in the seed and early stages—the highest proportion since 1985. A record number of late-phase companies, meanwhile, are lingering in venture portfolios, instead of going public or being acquired. Investment now stays private and low to the ground: by the time a startup goes public, much of the tech community has put its money in and reaped its benefits. This has enabled San Francisco entrepreneurship to operate by its own rules.
</a> Local firefighters rushed to battle the blaze, which was generating a "substantial" plume of black smoke and alarming local residents living just a few hundred feet away. A number of them called 911 to report the incident, said Consumnes Fire Department Deputy Chief John Michelini.
</a> The offer is for ethnic Malays and other indigenous peoplein Malaysia who benefit from a decades-old government policythat favors them in housing, education and business. The finalpricing for all investors will be determined after bookbuildingexpected some time in the fourth quarter.
</a> This season update your summer style with a pair of distressed denim shorts. Denim shorts can be dressed up or down which makes them a great versatile item for the season. Whether you team yours with wedges like Jennifer or prefer a more casual look, we have searched the high street for the hottest pairs around.
</a> Reese Witherspoon was the picture of a blushing bride when she wed Jim Toth in a pink Monique Lhuillier gown at her Ojai, Calif. ranch on March 26, 2011. The actress' custom-made dress featured a full tulle A-line skirt with a Chantilly lace corset bodice, and also included silk satin ribbon and silk flowers, matching her 11-year-old daughter and maid of honor Ava's own Lhullier dress. After exchanging vows, the actress slipped into a white silk mini-dress with a party skirt – also a Lhullier creation – for the reception.
</a> The Faircloth Law Group, headed by Jimmy Faircloth, has handled headline-grabbing cases that included the defense of the governor's signature education laws creating a statewide voucher program and rewriting teacher tenure and pay policies.
</a> According to the U.S. military, the WGS relay stations are designed to replace earlier Defense Satellite Communications Systems spacecraft and have 10 times the capability of those they are replacing. Each satellite is equipped with high-speed X-band and Ka-band communications and spacecraft-based, real-time âcross-bandingâ for better compatibility.
</a> The mall attack has demonstrated the reach of al Shabaab beyond Somalia, where Kenyan troops have joined other African forces to drive the group out of major urban areas, although it still controls swathes of the countryside.
</a> This is a mystery that Europe’s ExoMars mission is ready to solve. In 2016 it will have a satellite in orbit around Mars, designed to test for methane, and by 2018 this rover will be rolling around the Red Planet. The mission will be the first to set out with the direct intention of finding signs of life, now, and in the past. The rover’s drill will be able to collect samples two metres beneath the surface.
</a> "Investors were put off that Apple's price point didn't go low enough to attract a new market. It doesn't have the same range in price that Apple's competitors have," said Mark Luschini, chief investment strategist at Janney Montgomery Scott in Philadelphia, which manages about $58 billion in assets.
</a> “These are best practices that we have garnered from all of the services,” Jessica Wright, the Pentagon’s acting undersecretary for personnel, said of the changes. “The bottom line is, sexual assault is not tolerated, it’s not condoned, it’s not ignored.”
</a> Mr Liu has been found to have taken bribes, embezzled public funds and illegally obtained project funds, says the report, adding that relevant evidence will be transferred to judicial department for further investigation.
</a> Since 14 October, visitors to the WH Smith website saw only a holding statement which said that the website, "will become live again once all self published e-books have been removed and we are totally sure that there are no offending titles available".
</a> The FARC appeared ready to release Sutay in July until Santos rejected its initial request that a leftist politician, Piedad Cordoba, oversee the release. It has made no further offer to free him until now.
</a> "We are admitting increased numbers of frail, elderly people who have collapsed and lost consciousness in the heat. We have to admit them to do tests to ensure there is no other reason for them to collapse.”
</a> Democrats, and Obama, stepped up their criticism of House ofRepresentatives Speaker John Boehner for refusing to schedule avote on a separate unencumbered measure to fund the governmentand end the shutdown. They believe it would pass with mostDemocrats in the House voting for it along with a handful ofRepublicans. Boehner said Sunday that it would fail.
</a> "If you're going to charge separately for the phone like they're doing then you need to reduce the price of the service. Otherwise you're paying twice for the same phone," Sievert said in an interview.
</a> By agreeing to hear various legal claims raised by statesand business groups, the court could be setting the stage forlimiting the reach of its 2007 ruling, Massachusetts v. EPA, inwhich it held on a 5-4 vote that carbon was a pollutant thatcould potentially be regulated under the Clean Air Act.
</a> “I just realised that I was harming nobody but myself half the time,” he says. “At my age there’s a serious risk of heart attack, and I can’t afford to let my blood pressure go through the roof.”
</a> “I’ve got no respect for him,” said Virgil Henke, 65, a livestock farmer who explained his distaste for Obama with several falsehoods about his background: “Why, he’s destroyed this country. ... I don’t care whether it’s a black man in office, but we have to have a true-blooded American. I think he is Muslim and trying to destroy the country, catering to the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt.”
</a> The beauty of De Palma's movie is that the crazier the story became, the scarier and more unnerving the film got, building to an enormous âGotcha!â scare in its final scene. This âCarrieâ becomes less involving as it goes along, ceding its emotional power to special effects and unconvincing gore, and culminating with a closing shot so lame and uninspired, it's as if the filmmakers just gave up and called it a day.
</a> According to US researchers, there is increasing evidence that commonly used products, such as herbal tea, cumin and turmeric, can weaken or intensify the effects of drugs used during chemotherapy treatment.
</a> While large, corporate creditors are apt to tap similarly colossal law firms with whom they have preexisting relationships, smaller or locally-based stakeholders may opt to hire attorneys native to Detroit.
</a> He said the agency would notify telecommunications regulators and other government agencies in nearly 200 countries about the potential threat and also reach out to hundreds of mobile companies, academics and other industry experts.
</a> And this is just one of the many possibilities of the new telescope. The most exciting part of this development lies in new discoveries. We will, of course, learn more about black holes and neutron stars, but we might also unearth entirely new phenomena. The Giant Magellan Telescope certainly looks set to be a Hubble-beater and will, hopefully, advance our knowledge of space to new, dizzying heights.
</a> "These guys had a raw natural talent, they could mix colour, they had an ability to draw perspective and proportion - Kieron just has this ability to put those things together in a very natural way."
</a> Market sentiment toward large domestic banking organizations appeared to improve somewhat over the intermeeting period, as the largest banks reported second-quarter earnings that were above analysts' expectations. Stock prices of large domestic banks outperformed broader equity indexes, and credit default swap spreads for the largest bank holding companies moved about in line with trends in broad credit indexes.
</a> New York manufacturers say business conditions are little changed this month compared to July, although new orders activity slowed to a crawl, according to the Federal Reserve Bank of New York's Empire State Manufacturing Survey released Thursday.
</a> Global PC sales are expected to fall 7 percent this year and 4.5 percent next year, according to analysts at CLSA. Dell's revenue is seen shrinking every year through 2016, according to Boston Consulting Group, the firm hired by Dell's board to review the buyout offer.
</a> Justin Bieber and Selena Gomez no longer an item? Never say never! Sources are reporting that the teen heartthrob and his girlfriend of almost two years have finally called it quits. "Jealousy" and and "petty arguments" had apparently plagued the once healthy relationship, according to RadarOnline. Some have speculated the Biebs' friendship with 19-year-old Victoria's Secret model Barbara Palvin may have had something to do with the split. The two were seen taking in a show together on Broadway on Nov. 8, one day after Justin Bieber performed at the Victoria's Secret Fashion Show in New York City. Justin and Selena first made their romance public in February 2011 when they attended a Vanity Fair Oscar party together in Los Angeles.
</a> Deep-seated corruption is another threat to the countryâs renewal. Endemic corruption has not only undermined access to basic rights such as health care and education, but was a major reason for the countryâs catastrophic collapse last year, as military officials pilfered funds and equipment intended to bolster security up north. Many in the capital, Bamako, are calling the struggle to end corruption âthe next war.â
</a> In a flash, I realise why Club Indulge is so important. Yes it’s a social event – an opportunity to meet up with like-minded people, and maybe even cop off. But it’s also a place where bigger (fat? Plus size?) men and women don’t have to apologise for their presence, or pray they don’t become the but of someone’s joke that evening, or, indeed get pelted with eggs. It’s important in a way that someone like me, whose looks have never deviated too far from the accepted mainstream, will never understand.
</a> Take away the five runs allowed by Luis Mendoza over 31/3 innings of mop-up duty on July 22 in a 9-2 loss to Detroit — and the relief corps has allowed just three runs in 281/3 innings over 27 combined appearances.
</a> "That court's decisions made clear that the rights plan was a reasonable and appropriate tool available to boards," said Air Products spokesman George Noon. "If we had to live by that ruling then, then we are living by that ruling now."
</a> The MPs on the Culture, Media and Sport committee heard there are an estimated 300million sexual images of children circulating in the UK. One or two new images were being created and entering circulation every week.
</a> Tejada, a six-time All-Star who won the 2002 American League MVP with the A's, was signed as a Minor League free agent by the Royals last winter on New Year's Eve. In 2012, he had re-signed with one of his former clubs, Baltimore, and played just 36 games for Triple-A Norfolk before leaving the organization. But he played in the Dominican Winter League with Aguilas and impressed Royals scouts enough that he was signed.
</a> Is the Kansas City Fed to blame for the guest list? Not entirely, given a lack of diversity is still a problem that plagues the broader economics profession. Around the world, only 17 of 177 central bank leaders are women. And even among the youngest economists in the profession -- those earning their Ph.Ds -- men still outnumber women by more than 2-to-1.
</a> The broad rally in the dollar saw the euro ease to $1.3206, flat on the day but off Wednesday's six-week high of$1.3345, while the yen fell towards 100 per dollar, welloff this week's high around 97.58.
</a> It estimated a margin of 36 to 37 percent. Gross margins came in at 36.9 percent in the third quarter, sharply below 42.8 percent a year ago, as Apple sold more cheaper older model iPhones along with the new iPhone 5 model.
</a> Yeah, great company...as long as they can continue cheating the taxpayer. They combined a contracted launch and flyby with a second planned launch and docking, the billed the government (that's us, by the way, or our children who will have to pay the debts incurred now) for both contracted missions--and bot paid for two missions. Is this how we save money? Eliminate NASA and double pay private contractors, who happen to have friends in the administration?
</a> No significant quantities of either oil or gas have beenproduced from shale anywhere outside the United States.Small-scale drilling programmes in Poland and China have proveddisappointing. Only a handful of exploratory wells have beendrilled in the UK, Argentina and other countries identified ashaving potentially substantial shale resources by the EIA.
</a> Sir James said the biggest surprise of the Chinese market, where Dyson expects to be in 65 cities by the end of this year, was that customers “wanted big products. We thought they would like smaller products like Japan but they have much bigger houses.”
</a> I am glad I did the race (or, more accurately, the race was done to me). Sailing is great if you are doing it; boring to watch on television. Now I know how much Thomson puts on the line to attain success. Sunrise over Fastnet Rock was remarkable, particularly as dolphins appeared on cue. ‘Give it another week and you’d be over the dolphins,’ Thomson says. The thing I found hardest was not the vast emptiness of the sea (positively benign by Fastnet standards) or being in the same clothes for three days, but being confined.
</a> Community bankers and mortgage lenders across the country are viewing with skepticism President Obama's call to do away with government-backed mortgage giants Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, as the president unveiled his latest housing plan during a speech in Phoenix.
</a> "It was always my dream to join up. I've always loved my country and wanted to help defend it," said Hu Dan, 32, sweating under his tightly fitted helmet in the afternoon heat. Hu, from the eastern province of Jiangsu, became a soldier when he was just 18.
</a> Egyptian assets make up about 10 percent of DEA's likelyvalue of between 4 and 5 billion euros including debt in anytransaction, while the northern European assets account forthree fourths, the sources said.
</a> Both the IMF, which last year froze a previous standby loandeal with Serbia, and the country's fiscal advisory body havewarned that the government risks missing its revised budgetdeficit target of 4.7 percent of national output this year.
</a> After New Zealand narrowly avoided catastrophe on Saturday with a near-capsize that cost it the race, Sunday's matches were among the most thrilling in yacht-racing history. The two supercharged AC72s dueled neck and neck in the second race, changing leads four times, an America's Cup record, before New Zealand eked out a 17-second victory.
</a> Ryan proposed that Republicans and Democrats work out a plan to curb costly entitlement programs and overhaul the tax code as part of negotiations to end the U.S. government shutdown and raise the country's borrowing limit.
</a> The survey reveals a few topics on which most of the LGBT community agrees -- most believe society is becoming more accepting, and 93 percent are in favor of same-sex marriage. However, the survey also uncovers clear demographic divisions within the LGBT community. Bisexuals, for example, are far less likely than other LGBT people to say all or most of the important people in their lives know of their sexual orientation. Only 28 percent of bisexuals report this is true, compared to 77 percent of gay men and 71 percent of lesbians. Fifty-three percent of bisexuals say being LGBT is not important in their overall identities, compared to just 21 percent of lesbians and 25 percent of gay men.
</a> In order to restore civility to our online comment forum, remove some of the subjectivity in the approval of comments, and refocus the discussion to the contents of stories, we have adopted new rules for commenting on poststar.com, effective immediately.
</a> "Most people know that the bar is low (for profit), andwhat's more important is the revenue, the outlook and we aregetting mixed signals on that. Investors are responding withincreased sensitivity to these numbers," said Andrew Wilkinson,chief economic strategist at Miller Tabak & Co in New York.
</a> Karen Carpenter, 52 (1950-1983): At the age of 19, Karen and her brother Richard signed a record deal as the soft rock duo the Carpenters who reached overnight success in 1970. An acclaimed drummer, Karen was mostly known for her angelic voice. However, after suffering from the eating disorder anorexia nervosa, Carpenter died of heart failure in 1983.
</a> Qassem Saadeddine, a commander and spokesman for the rebels' Supreme Military Council, said the group was still deliberating on how or if it should respond: "People are growing desperate as they watch another round of political statements and U.N. meetings without any hope of action," he told Reuters.
</a> The Affordable Care Act allowed parents to keep their children on their insurance plans until age 26. But after that, young people are on their own, and many choose not to purchase a plan since they don’t often go to the doctor.
</a> "You can rest assured, he will be on the mound at some point and you will see him pitch," Leyland said. "Whether it be to a hitter, an inning -- depending on how the game goes, obviously [it can change] if something happens, but you will see No. 42 pitch."
</a> She told Matt Lauer on NBC's Today Show on Thursday she doesn't know what he's capable of and she's conflicted over her husband's assertion he acted in self-defense the night Martin was killed. But she says she believes the evidence and respects the jury's verdict.